Oxford History for Pakis

                            Oxford History for Pakistan








Oxford History for Pakistan is a series of history textbooks for the middle school level (Classes 6, 7, and 8). 
Based on the popular Oxford History Project, which is also by the same author, Oxford History for Pakistan is designed especially for Pakistani schools and integrates subcontinental and world history in a uniquely distinctive manner. 
Portions of world history adapted from the original Oxford History Project are here complemented by a section on events in the subcontinent for the same period. Through the use of colourful illustrations, charts, cartoons, photographs, maps, and documentary material, this series aims to make history ‘come to life’. 
A simple and lively text draws together the various strands, subcontinental and world, into a comprehensive and thorough examination of history through the ages. Special emphasis is given to the region which now constitutes modern Pakistan. 
This series covers events from prehistoric times to the post-Second World War period.According to tradition, Gautama first encountered suffering when he went outside the temple grounds at the age of 29. He had obviously been grappling with the question of human suffering for a long time. Perhaps something he saw on that particular occasion crystallized his earlier thoughts on the subject and led him to take a definitive step
.Gautama was born a minor prince in what is now Nepalese Terai and lived a life of great comfort. He married at 16 and had one son. At the age of 29, historical records confirm that he left the town of Kapilavastu secretly and adopted the life of a wandering religious beggar. Reaching what is now southern Bihar, he studied yoga for two years but found the experience spiritually unfulfilling.For the next six years he wandered throughout the countryside, accompanied by five other beggars, practising strict asceticism. He often starved himself or held his breath till he was on the point of collapse.
 All of his efforts, however, seemed to result in failure. His five companions left him, and he went on to Sarnath, near Benares. He had a good meal, bathed and sat under a fig tree to meditate in the Deer Park. It was here that he ‘saw’ the Truth, and after meditating for a further four weeks, he propounded his newly realized doctrine to his five former companions, who had by now rejoined him. Subsequently, he travelled throughout the middle Ganges region, preaching until he was old and worn out.
 He died in 486 BC.Buddha’s teachings and the philosophy of Buddhism are extremely complex, but much of the Eightfold Noble Path is common to most of the major religions and is based on a practical approach to societal relationships.
 Much of what Gautama taught, too, was common to Hinduism, but his preaching the equality of mankind and the necessity for peace ran diametrically against the caste system; the Brahmins resented anyone being considered their equal and the Kashtriyas (warriors) resented the doctrine of peace.Similar to Islam which forbids any representation of the Prophet (PBUH), early Buddhism forbade any visual representation of Gautama. In paintings and carvings, he is symbolized by a wheel, an empty chair or footprints.#fastitlinks.com
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