Hora azul en la ciudad de Karachi

Hora azul en la ciudad de Karachi





Karachi (Urdu: کراچی‎; ALA-LC: Karācī, IPA: [kəˈraːtʃi] (listen)) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh. It is the most populous city in Pakistan,[12][13] and fifth-most-populous city proper in the world.[9] Ranked as a beta-global city,[14][15] the city is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre.[16] It is the cultural, economic, philanthropic, educational, and political hub of the country,[17] and Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city.[18] Situated on the Arabian Sea, Karachi serves as a transport hub, and is home to Pakistan's two largest seaports, the Port of Karachi and Port Bin Qasim, as well as Pakistan's busiest airport, Jinnah International Airport.
Though the Karachi region has been inhabited for millennia,[19] the city was founded as the fortified village of Kolachi[20] in 1729.[21] The settlement drastically increased in importance with the arrival of British East India Company in the mid 19th century, who not only embarked on major works to transform the city into a major seaport, but also connected it with their extensive railway network.[20] By the time of the Partition of British India, the city was the largest in Sindh with an estimated population of 400,000.[18] Following the independence of Pakistan, the city's population increased dramatically with the arrival of hundreds of thousands of Muslim refugees from India.[22] The city experienced rapid economic growth following independence, attracting migrants from throughout Pakistan and South Asia.[23] Karachi is one of Pakistan's most secular and socially liberal cities.[24][25][26] It is also the most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse city in Pakistan.[18] Karachi's population was enumerated at 14.9 million in the 2017 census. Karachi is one of the world's fastest growing cities,[27] and has communities representing almost every ethnic group in Pakistan. Karachi is home to over 2 million Bangladeshi immigrants, 1 million Afghan refugees, and up to 400,000 Rohingyas from Myanmar.[28][29][30]
Karachi is now Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre. The city has a formal economy estimated to be worth $113 billion as of 2014 which is the largest in Pakistan.[31] Karachi collects over a third of Pakistan's tax revenue,[32] and generates approximately 20% of Pakistan's GDP.[33][34] Approximately 30% of Pakistani industrial output is from Karachi,[35] while Karachi's ports handle approximately 95% of Pakistan's foreign trade.[36] Approximately 90% of the multinational corporations operating in Pakistan are headquartered in Karachi.[36] Karachi is considered to be Pakistan's fashion capital,[37][38] and has hosted the annual Karachi Fashion Week since 2009.[39][40]
Known as the "City of Lights" in the 1960s and 1970s for its vibrant nightlife,[41] Karachi was beset by sharp ethnic, sectarian, and political conflict in the 1980s with the arrival of weaponry during the Soviet–Afghan War.[42] The city had become well known for its high rates of violent crime, but recorded crimes sharply decreased following a controversial crackdown operation against criminals, the MQM political party, and Islamist militants initiated in 2013 by the Pakistan Rangers.[43] As a result of the operation, Karachi went from being ranked the world's 6th most dangerous city for crime in 2014, to 71 by mid 2019.[44]
Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic sites discovered by a team from Karachi University on the Mulri Hills constitute one of the most important archaeological discoveries made in Sindh during the last 50 years. The earliest inhabitants of the Karachi region are believed to have been hunter-gatherers, with ancient flint tools discovered at several sites. A sea port called Barbarikon by the Greeks was situated in Karachi.
The Karachi region is believed to have been known to the ancient Greeks. The region may be the site of Krokola, where Alexander the Great once camped to prepare a fleet for Babylonia, as well as Morontobara which may possibly be Karachi's Manora neighbourhood.
In 711 CE, Muhammad bin Qasim conquered the Sindh and Indus Valley. The Karachi region is believed to have been known to the Arabs as Debal, from where Muhammad Bin Qasim launched his forces into South Asia in 712 C.E.[45]
Under Mirza Ghazi Beg, the Mughal administrator of Sindh, the development of coastal Sindh and the Indus delta was encouraged. Under his rule, fortifications in the region acted as a bulwark against Portuguese incursions into Sindh. The Ottoman admiral, Seydi Ali Reis, mentioned Debal and Manora Island in his book Mir'ât ül Memâlik in 1554. Karachi was founded in 1729 as the settlement of Kolachi under the rule of the ethnically Baloch Talpur Mirs of Sindh.[21] The founders of the settlement are said to arrived from the nearby town of Karak Bandar after the harbour there silted in 1728 after heavy rains. The settlement was fortified, and defended with cannons imported by Sindhi sailors from Muscat, Oman. The name Karachee was used for the first time in a Dutch document from 1742, in which a merchant ship de Ridderkerk is shipwrecked near the original settlement.#fastitlinks.com
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